The genus Pedicularis L. (Orobanchaceae), including 600-700 species, is a common element of alpine, subalpine and tundra floras in Asia, Europe, and North America, and over two-thirds species are distributed in the Pan-Himalaya. Molecular phylogenetic evidence was adopted in reconstructing a classification system of the genus and in revising confusing species, and a statistical analysis of morphological traits was conducted for some confusing species. This volume of the Flora of Pan-Himalaya includes 173 Pedicularis species of alternate leave, with 116 species endemic to the Pan-Himalaya. The nomenclatural novelties include 91 new synonyms of species and subspecies, 13 new synonyms of varieties, five new names, and 62 lectotypes are newly designated. A distribution map is given for each species. This book provides a comprehensive taxonomic revision for the species-rich genus in the Pan-Himalaya, and is a professional reference book for botanists, university teachers and students, forestry staffs and plant lovers.